WHAT HAPPENED ON 12. MARCH
Want to find out what all happened on 12. March

Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. (12. March 538)

Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile. (12. March 1550)

Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Jesuits, are canonized as saints by the Catholic Church. (12. March 1622)

The Williamite War in Ireland begins. (12. March 1689)

Peninsular War: A day after a successful rear guard action, French Marshal Michel Ney once again successfully delayed the pursuing Anglo-Portuguese force at the Battle of Redinha. (12. March 1811)

American Civil War: The Red River Campaign begins as a US Navy fleet of 13 Ironclads and 7 Gunboats and other support ships enter the Red River. (12. March 1864)

Henry O'Farrell attempts to assassinate Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. (12. March 1868)

Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain. (12. March 1881)

Tonkin Campaign: France captures the citadel of Bắc Ninh (12. March 1885)

Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph Biedenharn. (12. March 1894)

Greek cruiser Georgios Averof is launched at Livorno. (12. March 1910)

The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States. (12. March 1912)

Canberra Day: The future capital of Australia is officially named Canberra. (Melbourne remains temporary capital until 1927 while the new capital is still under construction.) (12. March 1913)

Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint Petersburg held this status for 215 years. (12. March 1918)

İstiklal Marşı was adopted in TBMM(Turkish grand national assembly). (12. March 1921)

Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan formed The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (12. March 1922)

In California, the St. Francis Dam fails; the resulting floods kill over 600 people. (12. March 1928)

Mahatma Gandhi leads a 200-mile march, known as the Salt March, to the sea in defiance of British opposition, to protest the British monopoly on salt (12. March 1930)

Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This is also the first of his "fireside chats". (12. March 1933)

Konstantin Päts and General Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties. (12. March 1934)