WHAT HAPPENED ON 16. JULY
Want to find out what all happened on 16. July

The beginning of the Islamic calendar. (16. July 622)

Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East–West Schism. (16. July 1054)

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain. (16. July 1212)

Coronation of Richard II of England. (16. July 1377)

The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco. (16. July 1661)

Manchu Qing Dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands. (16. July 1683)

Father Junípero Serra founds California's first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California. (16. July 1769)

American Revolutionary War: light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point. (16. July 1779)

First performance of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail. (16. July 1782)

The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act. (16. July 1790)

The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo. (16. July 1809)

Antonio María Claret y Clará founded the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. (16. July 1849)

American Civil War: at the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25 mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war. (16. July 1861)

American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank. (16. July 1862)

Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar. (16. July 1909)

John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia. (16. July 1910)

Henry James becomes a British citizen, to highlight his commitment to England during the first World War. (16. July 1915)

First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded. (16. July 1915)

Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history. (16. July 1927)

Emperor Haile Selassie I signs the first constitution of Ethiopia. (16. July 1931)