WHAT HAPPENED ON 19. OCTOBER
Want to find out what all happened on 19. October

Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. (19. October 202. BC)

The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa. (19. October 439)

King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry. (19. October 1216)

The Universität Heidelberg held its first lecture, making it the oldest German university. (19. October 1386)

The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn. (19. October 1466)

Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain. (19. October 1469)

Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia). (19. October 1512)

New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell. (19. October 1649)

At Yorktown, Virginia, representatives of British commander Lord Cornwallis handed over Cornwallis' sword and formally surrendered to George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau. (19. October 1781)

Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States. (19. October 1789)

Napoleonic Wars: Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to the Grand Army of Napoleon at the Battle of Ulm. 30,000 prisoners are captured and 10,000 casualties inflicted on the losers. (19. October 1805)

Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow. (19. October 1812)

The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats. (19. October 1813)

In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí. (19. October 1822)

Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys a Confederate Army under Jubal Early. (19. October 1864)

St. Albans Raid – Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada. (19. October 1864)

Venice - Annexion of Veneto and Mantua to Italy - At Hotel Europa, Austria hands over Veneto to France, which hands it immediately over to Italy. (19. October 1866)

Max Planck, in his house at Grunewald, on the outskirts of Berlin, discovers the law of black body emission (Planck's law). (19. October 1900)

Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley. (19. October 1904)

Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire. (19. October 1912)