WHAT HAPPENED ON 31. JULY
Want to find out what all happened on 31. July

Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. (31. July 30. BC)

The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781). (31. July 781)

Thessalonica falls to the Arabs, who destroy the city. (31. July 904)

Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII. (31. July 1009)

Attempted usurpation of John Komnenos the Fat. (31. July 1201)

Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant – the French army is defeated by the English at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. (31. July 1423)

Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France. (31. July 1451)

The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect. (31. July 1492)

On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad. (31. July 1498)

The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England. (31. July 1588)

Russo-Polish War (1654–67): the Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years. (31. July 1655)

Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India. (31. July 1658)

Second Anglo-Dutch War: Treaty of Breda ends the conflict. (31. July 1667)

Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers. (31. July 1703)

A Spanish treasure fleet seven days after 12 ships left Havana, Cuba for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks. (31. July 1715)

Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia. (31. July 1741)

Odawa Chief Pontiac's forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac's War. (31. July 1763)

The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States." (31. July 1777)

The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process. (31. July 1790)

Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city. (31. July 1856)