WHAT HAPPENED IN 1863.
Look what happened the 1863.

American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory. (1. January 1863)

The first claim under the Homestead Act is made by Daniel Freeman for a farm in Nebraska. (1. January 1863)

The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany. (4. January 1863)

American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield (8. January 1863)

American Civil War: the Battle of Fort Hindman begins in Arkansas. (9. January 1863)

The London Underground, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between London Paddington station and Farringdon station. (10. January 1863)

American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post – General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union. (11. January 1863)

American Civil War: CSS Alabama encounters and sinks the USS Hatteras off Galveston Lighthouse in Texas. (11. January 1863)

The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia. (22. January 1863)

American Civil War: General Ambrose Burnside is relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac after the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign. He is replaced by Joseph Hooker. (26. January 1863)

American Civil War: Governor of Massachusetts John Albion Andrew receives permission from Secretary of War to raise a militia organization for men of African descent. (26. January 1863)

Bear River Massacre. (29. January 1863)

HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189. (7. February 1863)

A group of citizens of Geneva founded an International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, which later became known as the International Committee of the Red Cross. (17. February 1863)

Arizona is organized as a United States territory. (24. February 1863)

The SS Georgiana, said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000. (19. March 1863)

Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece. (30. March 1863)

Richmond Bread Riot: Food shortages incite hundreds of angry women to riot in Richmond, Virginia and demand that the Confederate government release emergency supplies. (2. April 1863)

American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg – ships led by Union Admiral David Dixon Porter move through heavy Confederate artillery fire on approach to Vicksburg, Mississippi. (16. April 1863)

American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi. (17. April 1863)