WHAT HAPPENED IN 1868.
Look what happened the 1868.

Wyoming becomes a United States territory. (25. July 1868)

The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law. (28. July 1868)

A massive earthquake near Arica, Peru, causes an estimated 25,000 casualties, and the subsequent tsunami causes considerable damage as far away as Hawaii and New Zealand. (13. August 1868)

French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium. (18. August 1868)

Spanish revolution: La Gloriosa. (19. September 1868)

Grito de Lares ("Lares Revolt") occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule. (23. September 1868)

The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Nevsky is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei of Russia. (25. September 1868)

Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France. (28. September 1868)

Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the highest at any American university to that date. (7. October 1868)

Carlos Céspedes issues the Grito de Yara from his plantation, La Demajagua, proclaiming Cuba's independence (10. October 1868)

Time zone: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally. (2. November 1868)

John Willis Menard was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated. (3. November 1868)

Camagüey, Cuba revolts against Spain during the Ten Years' War. (4. November 1868)

American Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River – United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads an attack on Cheyenne living on reservation land. (27. November 1868)

A statue of King Charles XII of Sweden is inaugurated in Stockholm's Kungsträdgården. (30. November 1868)

The first traffic lights are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps. (10. December 1868)

Paraguayan War: Brazilian troops defeat Paraguayan at the Battle of Avay. (11. December 1868)

U.S. President Andrew Johnson grants unconditional pardon to all Civil War Confederate soldiers. (25. December 1868)