WHAT HAPPENED ON 12. MAY
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Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I as the 23rd pope. (12. May 254)

Roman Emperor Diocletian orders the beheading of the 14-year-old Pancras of Rome. (12. May 304)

Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang Dynasty after nearly three hundred years of rule. (12. May 907)

After much hardship, Abbasid envoy Ahmad ibn Fadlan arrived in the lands of Volga Bulgars. (12. May 922)

Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre who is crowned Queen consort of England the same day. (12. May 1191)

Antipope Nicholas V, a claimant to the papacy, is consecrated in Rome by the Bishop of Venice. (12. May 1328)

Jagiellonian University, the oldest university in Poland, is founded in Kraków, Poland. (12. May 1364)

The Prince of Anhua rebellion begins when Zhu Zhifan kills all the officials invited to a banquet and declares his intent on ousting the powerful Ming Dynasty eunuch Liu Jin during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor. (12. May 1510)

National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, is founded in Lima, Peru. (12. May 1551)

French Wars of Religion: Henry III of France flees Paris after Henry of Guise enters the city and a spontaneous uprising occurs. (12. May 1588)

King William's War: William III of England joins the League of Augsburg starting a war with France. (12. May 1689)

Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Bohemia after defeating her rival, Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor. (12. May 1743)

American Revolutionary War: In the largest defeat of the Continental Army, Charleston, South Carolina is taken by British forces. (12. May 1780)

First Coalition: Napoleon I of France conquers Venice. (12. May 1797)

The first major battle of the Greek War of Independence against the Turks is fought in Valtetsi. (12. May 1821)

U.S. federal troops occupy Baton Rouge, Louisiana. (12. May 1862)

American Civil War: Battle of Raymond: two divisions of James B. McPherson's XVII Corps (ACW) turn the left wing of Confederate General John C. Pemberton's defensive line on Fourteen Mile Creek, opening up the interior of Mississippi to the Union Army during the Vicksburg Campaign. (12. May 1863)

American Civil War: the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers die in "the Bloody Angle". (12. May 1864)

American Civil War: the Battle of Palmito Ranch: the first day of the last major land action to take place during the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory. (12. May 1865)

The Manitoba Act is given the Royal Assent, paving the way for Manitoba to become a province of Canada on July 15. (12. May 1870)

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