WHAT ALL HAPPENED JANUARY TO JULY 1866
Find out what all happened January to July 1866

The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart's Content, Newfoundland. (27. July 1866)

Peruvian defenders fight off the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Callao. (2. May 1866)

The U.S. Congress eliminates the half dime coin and replaces it with the five cent piece, or nickel. (16. May 1866)

Fenian raids: the Fenians are victorious over Canadian forces in both the Battle of Ridgeway and the Battle of Fort Erie. (2. June 1866)

Italy and Prussia ally against the Austrian Empire. (8. April 1866)

Battle of Custoza: an Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War. (24. June 1866)

In the Fenian Invasion of Canada, John O'Neill leads 850 Fenian raiders across the Niagara River at Buffalo, New York/Fort Erie, Ontario, as part of an effort to free Ireland from the United Kingdom. Canadian militia and British regulars repulse the invaders in over the next three days, at a cost of 9 dead and 38 wounded to the Fenian's 19 dead and about 17 wounded. (31. May 1866)

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh. (10. April 1866)

Wesley College, Melbourne is established. (18. January 1866)

The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank. (25. July 1866)

Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Dmitry Karakozov in the city of Kiev. (4. April 1866)

Memorial Day first celebrated in United States at Waterloo, New York. (5. May 1866)

Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa – The Austrian Navy , led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian Navy near the island of Vis in the Adriatic Sea. (20. July 1866)

The Royal Aeronautical Society is formed in London. (12. January 1866)

Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War. (24. July 1866)

1,800 Fenian raiders were repelled back to the United States after they looted and plundered around Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg, Quebec. (7. June 1866)

Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington becomes British Secretary of State for War. (16. February 1866)

The Spanish Navy bombs the harbor of Valparaíso, Chile. (31. March 1866)

Miners in Calaveras County, California, discover what is now called the Calaveras Skull - human remains that supposedly indicated that man, mastodons, and elephants had co-existed. (25. February 1866)

The Fenians are driven out of Fort Erie, Ontario, into the United States. (3. June 1866)