WHAT HAPPENED IN 1870.
Look what happened the 1870.

Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Paris begins, which will result on January 28, 1871 in the surrender of Paris and a decisive Prussian victory. (19. September 1870)

Having invaded the Papal States a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome, entering the city the next day, after which the Pope described himself as a Prisoner in the Vatican. (19. September 1870)

Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia and complete the unification of Italy. (20. September 1870)

Franco-Prussian War – Siege of Paris: Leon Gambetta flees Paris in a hot-air balloon. (7. October 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory. (23. October 1870)

Marshal François Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion of the Siege of Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers in one of the biggest French defeats of the Franco-Prussian War. (27. October 1870)

In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast. (1. November 1870)

Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman, the first being Hiram Revels. (12. December 1870)

The 12.8-km long Fréjus Rail Tunnel through the Alps is completed. (26. December 1870)