WHAT HAPPENED ON 2. SEPTEMBER
Want to find out what all happened on 2. September

Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. (2. September 47. BC)

Cicero launches the first of his Philippics (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months. (2. September 44. BC)

Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium – off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. (2. September 31. BC)

Galla Placidia, wife of the Emperor Constantius III, becomes a widow for the second time when he dies suddenly of an illness. (2. September 421)

The Treaty of Jaffa was signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. (2. September 1192)

The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. (2. September 1649)

The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings including St Paul's Cathedral. (2. September 1666)

Great Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar, nearly two centuries later than most of Western Europe. (2. September 1752)

The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. (2. September 1789)

During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic Church bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers. (2. September 1792)

A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457. (2. September 1806)

The Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon. (2. September 1807)

The University of Oslo is founded as The Royal Fredericks University, after Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway. (2. September 1811)

Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio is founded by John Jay Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart. (2. September 1833)

The Tianjing Incident takes place in Nanjing, China. (2. September 1856)

A solar super storm affects electrical telegraph service. (2. September 1859)

American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run. (2. September 1862)

American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, Georgia, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign. (2. September 1864)

Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō. The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko. Since her death in 1914, she is called by the posthumous name Empress Shōken. (2. September 1867)

Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan – Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. (2. September 1870)