WHAT HAPPENED ON 13. JULY
Want to find out what all happened on 13. July

William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. (13. July 1174)

Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots. (13. July 1249)

The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (13. July 1260)

John of Kastav finishes a cycle of frescoes in the Holy Trinity Church in Hrastovlje (now southwestern Slovenia). (13. July 1490)

Battle of Gravelines: in France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines. (13. July 1558)

Eighty Years' War: the Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months. (13. July 1573)

English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller. (13. July 1643)

The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery. (13. July 1787)

Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction. (13. July 1793)

The Battle of the Vosges is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria. (13. July 1794)

The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established. (13. July 1814)

The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India. (13. July 1830)

In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon. (13. July 1854)

New York City draft riots: in New York, New York, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history. (13. July 1863)

Treaty of Berlin: the European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire. (13. July 1878)

The verdict in the six-month long Smarthavicharam trial of Kuriyedath Thathri is pronounced, leading to the excommunication of 65 men of various castes. (13. July 1905)

The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight. (13. July 1919)

The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949. (13. July 1923)

World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak). (13. July 1941)

In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics. (13. July 1962)