WHAT HAPPENED ON 21. OCTOBER
Want to find out what all happened on 21. October

People's Crusade: The Turkish army annihilates the People's Army of the West. (21. October 1096)

First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV of Toulouse, begin the Siege of Antioch. (21. October 1097)

Otto IV is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. (21. October 1209)

Nanboku-chō: Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicates in favor of rival claimant Go-Komatsu. (21. October 1392)

Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. (21. October 1512)

Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as Strait of Magellan. (21. October 1520)

João Álvares Fagundes discovers the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, bestowing them their original name of "Islands of the 11,000 Virgins". (21. October 1520)

Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara, which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate that in effect rules Japan until the mid-nineteenth century. (21. October 1600)

First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts in defiance of British rule in Colonial America. (21. October 1774)

In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched. (21. October 1797)

Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar: A British fleet led by Vice Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve. It signals almost the end of French maritime power and leaves Britain's navy unchallenged until the 20th century. (21. October 1805)

The Penang Free School is founded in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, by the Rev Hutchings. It is the oldest English-language school in Southeast Asia. (21. October 1816)

Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement. (21. October 1824)

Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the Crimean War. (21. October 1854)

American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff – Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting. (21. October 1861)

Manifest Destiny: Medicine Lodge Treaty – Near Medicine Lodge, Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma. (21. October 1867)

Opening ceremonies for the World's Columbian Exposition are held in Chicago, though because construction was behind schedule, the exposition did not open until May 1, 1893. (21. October 1892)

The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade. (21. October 1895)

In the United States, a five-month strike by United Mine Workers ends. (21. October 1902)

HMS Niobe arrives in Halifax Harbour to become the first ship of the Royal Canadian Navy. (21. October 1910)