WHAT ALL HAPPENED JULY TO DECEMBER 1870
Find out what all happened July to December 1870

Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories. (15. July 1870)

The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility. (18. July 1870)

The Wolseley Expedition reaches Manitoba to end the Red River Rebellion. (24. August 1870)

Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom. (2. August 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory. (23. October 1870)

Franco-Prussian War – Siege of Paris: Leon Gambetta flees Paris in a hot-air balloon. (7. October 1870)

Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman, the first being Hiram Revels. (12. December 1870)

Marshal François Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion of the Siege of Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers in one of the biggest French defeats of the Franco-Prussian War. (27. October 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia. (19. July 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23. (3. September 1870)

Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807. (6. September 1870)

The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania. (8. August 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought. (18. August 1870)

Having invaded the Papal States a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome, entering the city the next day, after which the Pope described himself as a Prisoner in the Vatican. (19. September 1870)

Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia and complete the unification of Italy. (20. September 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan – Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. (2. September 1870)

Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. (4. September 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Paris begins, which will result on January 28, 1871 in the surrender of Paris and a decisive Prussian victory. (19. September 1870)

The 12.8-km long Fréjus Rail Tunnel through the Alps is completed. (26. December 1870)

Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-la-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory. (16. August 1870)