WHAT HAPPENED IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 13. CENTURY
Find out what all happened in the first half of the 13. century

Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Muhi. (11. April 1241)

The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day. (12. April 1204)

Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. (13. April 1204)

Battle of Adrianople between Bulgarians and Crusaders. (14. April 1205)

William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. (2. May 1230)

Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. (5. May 1215)

Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. (16. May 1204)

The Second Battle of Lincoln is fought near Lincoln, England, resulting in the defeat of Prince Louis of France by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. (20. May 1217)

Henry Raspe is elected anti-king of the Kingdom of Germany, in opposition to Conrad IV. (22. May 1246)

The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. (24. May 1218)

Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River – Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans. (31. May 1223)

King Philip Augustus of France conquers Rouen. (1. June 1204)

Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. (1. June 1215)

First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France captures the city of Winchester and soon conquers over half of the Kingdom of England. (14. June 1216)

King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta. (15. June 1215)

Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia. According to legend, this battle also marks the first use of the Dannebrog, the world's first national flag still in use, as the national flag of Denmark. (15. June 1219)

With the death of Duke Frederick II, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria. (15. June 1246)

The University of Oxford receives its charter. (20. June 1214)

The Siege of Jaén started in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. (24. June 1230)

The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground. (10. July 1212)