WHAT ALL HAPPENED APRIL TO SEPTEMBER 1863
Find out what all happened April to September 1863

American Civil War: Battle of Raymond: two divisions of James B. McPherson's XVII Corps (ACW) turn the left wing of Confederate General John C. Pemberton's defensive line on Fourteen Mile Creek, opening up the interior of Mississippi to the Union Army during the Vicksburg Campaign. (12. May 1863)

The Dominican Restoration War begins when Gregorio Luperón raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain had recolonized the country. (16. August 1863)

Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands. (1. July 1863)

American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins. (18. May 1863)

Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War. (17. June 1863)

During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City was captured by French troops. (7. June 1863)

American Civil War: The Battle of Jackson takes place. (14. May 1863)

American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege. (21. May 1863)

American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends. (20. September 1863)

Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares Gallegos, the first book in the Galician language. (17. May 1863)

American Civil War: following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt). (8. August 1863)

American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdrew from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Southern invasion of the North. (4. July 1863)

Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist. (16. September 1863)

American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder. (30. July 1863)

American Civil War: Siege of Port Hudson – Union forces begin to lay siege to the Confederate-controlled Port Hudson, Louisiana. (22. May 1863)

American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg – Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege. 150 miles up the Mississippi River, a Confederate Army was repulsed at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas. (4. July 1863)

American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later. (2. May 1863)

Richmond Bread Riot: Food shortages incite hundreds of angry women to riot in Richmond, Virginia and demand that the Confederate government release emergency supplies. (2. April 1863)

Organization of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Battle Creek, Michigan. (21. May 1863)

American Civil War: Morgan's Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River. (19. July 1863)