WHAT HAPPENED IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 13. CENTURY
Find out what all happened in the first half of the 13. century

Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II landed in Acre, Palestine and started the Sixth Crusade, which resulted in a peaceful restitution of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. (7. September 1228)

The Roman Catholic practice of public adoration of the Blessed Sacrament outside of Mass spreads from monasteries to parishes. (11. September 1226)

Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret. (12. September 1213)

The Aragonese army under the command of James I of Aragon disembarks at Santa Ponça, Majorca, with the purpose of conquering the island. (12. September 1229)

Ögedei Khan is proclaimed Khagan of the Mongol Empire in Kodoe Aral, Khentii: Mongolia. (13. September 1229)

Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian leader Kaupo the Accursed are killed in Battle of Matthew's Day. (21. September 1217)

The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule. (22. September 1236)

England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border. (25. September 1237)

Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty. (26. September 1212)

Muslim Valencia surrenders to the besieging King James I of Aragon the Conqueror. (28. September 1238)

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades. (29. September 1227)

Assassination of Caliph al-Adil. (4. October 1227)

James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founds the Kingdom of Valencia. (9. October 1238)

King John of England loses his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, perhaps near Sutton Bridge. (12. October 1216)

Battle of the Rhyndacus: The Latin emperor Henry of Flanders defeats the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Lascaris. (15. October 1211)

Pope Innocent III excommunicates German leader Otto IV. (18. October 1210)

King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry. (19. October 1216)

Otto IV is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III. (21. October 1209)

Trần Thủ Độ, head of the Trần clan of Vietnam, forces Lý Huệ Tông, the last emperor of the Lý Dynasty, to commit suicide. (30. October 1226)

The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks. (1. November 1214)